Xanax: Anxiolytic - Antipanic Xanax (Alprazolam) Indications Alprazolam (Xanax) Contraindications Alprazolam (Xanax) Warnings Alprazolam (Xanax) Adverse Effects
Alprazolam (Xanax) is
orally administered and is readily absorbed in man with peak plasma
concentrations occurring 1 to 2 hours following it's oral
administration. Alprazolam (Xanax) and its metabolites are
excreted primarily in the urine. Degradation occurs mainly by oxidation
yielding the primary and secondary metabolites which are active and
appear to have half-lives similar to Alprazolam (Xanax) but are present at
only low levels in the plasma. The half life range of Alprazolam
(Xanax) is 6 to 20 hours following single dose administration. With
multiple doses, given 3 times daily, a steady state is achieved within
7 days. Alprazolam (Xanax) is 80% protein bound.
Alprazolam (Xanax), a triazolo 1.4 benzodiazepine analog. It
binds with high affinity to the GABA benzodiazepine receptor complex.
Other considerable evidence suggests that the central
therapeutic/pharmacologic actions of Alprazolam (Xanax) are mediated
via interaction with this receptor complex. 
Alprazolam (Xanax) 500 mcg (0.5 mg), administered 3 times a day for 14
days, did not affect prothrombin times or plasma warfarin levels in any
male volunteers administered sodium warfarin orally.
Xanax tablets contain alprazolam which is a triazolo analog of the 1, 4
benzodiazepine class of central nervous system-active compounds.
Antianxiety.
Alprazolam (Xanax) is indicated for the treatment of Generalized
Anxiety Disorder (GAD). It is also indicated for the management
of panic disorder with or without agoraphobia.
Xanax (Alprazolam)
is used for the management of anxiety disorders or the short-term
symptomatic relief of symptoms of excessive anxiety. Anxiety or tension
associated with the stress of everyday life usually does not require
treatment with an anxiolytic, Alprazolam.
Hypersensitivity to Alprazolam (Xanax) or other benzodiazepines. Xanax (Alprazolam)
is also contraindicated in pregnancy, in infants and in patients with
acute narrow angle glaucoma and myasthenia gravis.
Occupational Hazards:
As with other CNS depressant drugs, all patients should be strongly
cautioned against activities requiring mental alertness, judgement and
physical coordination such as driving and operating heavy machinery
when using Alprazolam (Xanax). Alcohol and benzodiazepines should
never be mixed when driving. This results in unpredictable CNS
depressant effects of this combination. Particularly in the early
phases of treatment and until proper adjustment to side effects has
been completely established.
Alprazolam (Xanax) is not for use in patients whose primary diagnosis
is psychosis or depression.
Pregnancy:
Safety in pregnancy has not been established and is use is not
recommended. Alprazolam (Xanax) is a benzodiazepine derivative and its
administration is rarely justified in women of childbearing
potential. Studies have suggested an increased risk of congenital
malformations associated with the use of the benzodiazepines, such as
chlordiazepoxide, diazepam, and also meprobamate, during the first
trimester of pregnancy. If the drug is prescribed to a woman of
child bearing potential she should be warned to consult her physician
regarding the discontinuation of the drug if she intends to become or
suspects that she may be pregnant.
Lactation:
Studies in rats have indicated that Alprazolam (Xanax) and its
metabolites are secreted into the mother's milk. Therefore, nursing
should not be undertaken while a patient is receiving Alprazolam
(Xanax).
Safety and efficacy of Alprazolam (Xanax) in patients under the age of
18 years is not established.
Hepatic:
Elevations of alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin, AST (SGOT), ALT (SGPT).
Psychiatric:
Agitation, nervousness, sleep disturbances, euphoria, mental confusion,
depression, irritability, lethargy, stupor.
Neurologic:
Blurred vision, slurred speech, difficulty in depth perception,
headache, seizures .
Musculoskeletal:
muscle weakness, Muscle spasm.
Dermatologic:
Pruritus, rash.
Genitourinary:
Incontinence, change in libido.
Cardiovascular:
Hypotension, tachycardia, palpitations.
Hematologic:
Decreased hemoglobin and hematocrit, increased and decreased WBC.
Gastrointestinal:
Dry mouth, nonspecific gastrointestinal disturbances, nausea, vomiting.
Miscellaneous:
Increased and decreased blood sugar levels.
Dosage of Alprazolam (Xanax)
As with all other anxiolytic-sedatives, short courses of your treatment
should be the rule for the symptomatic relief of excessive anxiety and
the initial course of treatment should not last longer than 1 week
without reassessment. If necessary, drug dosage must be adjusted after
1 week. Prescriptions should be limited to short courses of
therapy. Must be individualized and carefully titrated in order
to avoid excessive sedation or mental and motor impairment.
Elderly and Debilitated Patients:
The initial dosage is 0.125 mg (125 mcg) 2 or 3 times daily. If
necessary, this dosage may be increased or decreased gradually
depending on patient tolerance and response.
Adults:
Initially:
The optimal dosage is one that permits symptomatic control of excessive
anxiety without impairment of mental and motor function. 0.25 mg (250
mcg) given 2 or 3 times daily. It is recommended that the evening dose
be increased before the daytime doses. Very severe manifestations of
anxiety may require larger initial daily doses. If required,
increases may be made in 0.25 mg (250 mcg) increments according to the
severity of symptoms and patient response. Exceptionally, it may be
necessary to increase dosage to a maximum of 3 mg daily, given in
divided doses.
How is Alprazolam (Xanax) Supplied
Xanax:
0.25 mg:
white, ovoid-shaped tablet, coded "Upjohn 29," contains: Alprazolam
(Xanax) 0.25 mg (250 mcg). Gluten-free. Bottles of 100 and 1000.
0.5 mg:
peach, ovoid-shaped tablet, coded "Upjohn 55," contains: Alprazolam
(Xanax) 0.5 mg (500 mcg). Gluten-free. Bottles of 100 and 1000.
1 mg:
lavender, ovoid-shaped tablet, coded "Upjohn 90" contains: Alprazolam
(Xanax) 1 mg (1000 mcg). Gluten-free. Bottles of 100.
Xanax TS:
2 mg:
Each white, triscored tablet (3 scores), with the number "2" on one
side and Xanax on the other side contains: Alprazolam (Xanax) 2 mg. The
tablets can be broken into 4 equal parts of 0.5 mg. Bottles of 100.
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